JEL Codes
- A - General Economics and
Teaching
- A1 - General Economics
- A10 - General
- A11 - Role of Economics;
Role of Economists; Market for Economists
- A12 - Relation of Economics
to Other Disciplines
- A13 - Relation of Economics
to Social Values
- A14 - Sociology of
Economics
- A19 - Other
- A2 - Economics Education and
Teaching of Economics
- A20 - General
- A21 - Pre-college
- A22 - Undergraduate
- A23 - Graduate
- A29 - Other
- A3 - Multisubject Collective
Works
- A30 - General
- A31 - Multisubject
Collected Writings of Individuals
- A32 - Multisubject
Conference Volumes
- A39 - Other
- B - Schools of Economic
Thought and Methodology
- B0 - General
- B1 - History of Economic
Thought through 1925
- B10 - General
- B11 - Preclassical
- B12 - Classical
- B13 - Neoclassical through
1925
- B14 - Socialist; Marxist
- B15 - Historical;
Institutional
- B19 - Other
- B2 - History of Economic
Thought since 1925
- B20 - General
- B21 - Microeconomics
- B22 - Macroeconomics
- B23 - Econometrics;
Quantitative Studies
- B24 - Socialist; Marxist
- B25 - Historical;
Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
- B29 - Other
- B3 - History of Thought:
Individuals
- B30 - General
- B31 - Individuals
- B4 - Economic
Methodology
- B40 - General
- B41 - Economic Methodology
- B49 - Other
- B5 - Current Heterodox
Approaches
- B50 - General
- B51 - Socialist; Marxian;
Sraffian
- B52 - Institutional;
Evolutionary
- B53 - Austrian
- B59 - Other
- C - Mathematical and
Quantitative Methods
- C0 - General
- C1 - Econometric and
Statistical Methods: General
- C10 - General
- C11 - Bayesian Analysis
- C12 - Hypothesis Testing
- C13 - Estimation
- C14 - Semiparametric and
Nonparametric Methods
- C15 - Statistical
Simulation Methods; Monte Carlo Methods
- C16 - Specific
Distributions
- C19 - Other
- C2 - Econometric Methods:
Single Equation Models
- C20 - General
- C21 - Cross-Sectional
Models; Spatial Models
- C22 - Time-Series Models
- C23 - Models with Panel
Data
- C24 - Truncated and
Censored Models
- C25 - Discrete Regression
and Qualitative Choice Models
- C29 - Other
- C3 - Econometric Methods:
Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models
- C30 - General
- C31 - Cross-Sectional
Models; Spatial Models
- C32 - Time-Series Models
- C33 - Models with Panel
Data
- C34 - Truncated and
Censored Models
- C35 - Discrete Regression
and Qualitative Choice Models
- C39 - Other
- C4 - Econometric and
Statistical Methods: Special Topics
- C40 - General
- C41 - Duration Analysis
- C42 - Survey Methods
- C43 - Index Numbers and
Aggregation
- C44 - Statistical Decision
Theory; Operations Research
- C45 - Neural Networks and
Related Topics
- C49 - Other
- C5 - Econometric
Modeling
- C50 - General
- C51 - Model Construction
and Estimation
- C52 - Model Evaluation and
Testing
- C53 - Forecasting and Other
Model Applications
- C59 - Other
- C6 - Mathematical Methods and
Programming
- C60 - General
- C61 - Optimization
Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
- C62 - Existence and
Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
- C63 - Computational
Techniques
- C65 - Miscellaneous
Mathematical Tools
- C67 - Input?Output Models
- C68 - Computable General
Equilibrium Models
- C69 - Other
- C7 - Game Theory and
Bargaining Theory
- C70 - General
- C71 - Cooperative Games
- C72 - Noncooperative Games
- C73 - Stochastic and
Dynamic Games
- C78 - Bargaining Theory;
Matching Theory
- C79 - Other
- C8 - Data Collection and Data
Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
- C80 - General
- C81 - Methodology for
Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
- C82 - Methodology for
Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
- C87 - Econometric Software
- C88 - Other Computer
Software
- C89 - Other
- C9 - Design of
Experiments
- C90 - General
- C91 - Laboratory,
Individual Behavior
- C92 - Laboratory, Group
Behavior
- C93 - Field Experiments
- C99 - Other
- D - Microeconomics
- D0 - General
- D1 - Household Behavior and
Family Economics
- D10 - General
- D11 - Consumer Economics:
Theory
- D12 - Consumer Economics:
Empirical Analysis
- D13 - Household Production
and Intrahousehold Allocation
- D14 - Personal Finance
- D18 - Consumer Protection
- D19 - Other
- D2 - Production and
Organizations
- D20 - General
- D21 - Firm Behavior
- D23 - Organizational
Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
- D24 - Production; Capital
and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
- D29 - Other
- D3 - Distribution
- D30 - General
- D31 - Personal Income,
Wealth, and Their Distributions
- D33 - Factor Income
Distribution
- D39 - Other
- D4 - Market Structure and
Pricing
- D40 - General
- D41 - Perfect Competition
- D42 - Monopoly
- D43 - Oligopoly and Other
Forms of Market Imperfection
- D44 - Auctions
- D45 - Rationing; Licensing
- D46 - Value Theory
- D49 - Other
- D5 - General Equilibrium and
Disequilibrium
- D50 - General
- D51 - Exchange and
Production Economies
- D52 - Incomplete Markets
- D57 - Input?Output Analysis
- D58 - Computable and Other
Applied General Equilibrium Models
- D59 - Other
- D6 - Welfare Economics
- D60 - General
- D61 - Allocative
Efficiency; Cost?Benefit Analysis
- D62 - Externalities
- D63 - Equity, Justice,
Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
- D64 - Altruism
- D69 - Other
- D7 - Analysis of Collective
Decision-Making
- D70 - General
- D71 - Social Choice; Clubs;
Committees; Associations
- D72 - Economic Models of
Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting
Behavior
- D73 - Bureaucracy;
Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- D74 - Conflict; Conflict
Resolution; Alliances
- D78 - Positive Analysis of
Policy-Making and Implementation
- D79 - Other
- D8 - Information and
Uncertainty
- D80 - General
- D81 - Criteria for
Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- D82 - Asymmetric and
Private Information
- D83 - Search; Learning;
Information and Knowledge
- D84 - Expectations;
Speculations
- D85 - Network Formation
- D89 - Other
- D9 - Intertemporal Choice and
Growth
- D90 - General
- D91 - Intertemporal
Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
- D92 - Intertemporal Firm
Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
- D99 - Other
- E - Macroeconomics and
Monetary Economics
- E0 - General
- E1 - General Aggregative
Models
- E10 - General
- E11 - Marxian; Sraffian;
Institutional; Evolutionary
- E12 - Keynes; Keynesian;
Post-Keynesian
- E13 - Neoclassical
- E17 - Forecasting and
Simulation
- E19 - Other
- E2 - Consumption, Saving,
Production, Employment, and Investment
- E20 - General
- E21 - Consumption; Saving
- E22 - Capital; Investment
(including Inventories); Capacity
- E23 - Production
- E24 - Employment;
Unemployment; Wages
- E25 - Aggregate Factor
Income Distribution
- E26 - Informal Economy;
Underground Economy
- E27 - Forecasting and
Simulation
- E29 - Other
- E3 - Prices, Business
Fluctuations, and Cycles
- E30 - General
- E31 - Price Level;
Inflation; Deflation
- E32 - Business
Fluctuations; Cycles
- E37 - Forecasting and
Simulation
- E39 - Other
- E4 - Money and Interest
Rates
- E40 - General
- E41 - Demand for Money
- E42 - Monetary Systems;
Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
- E43 - Determination of
Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
- E44 - Financial Markets and
the Macroeconomy
- E47 - Forecasting and
Simulation
- E49 - Other
- E5 - Monetary Policy, Central
Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- E50 - General
- E51 - Money Supply; Credit;
Money Multipliers
- E52 - Monetary Policy
(Targets, Instruments, and Effects)
- E58 - Central Banks and
Their Policies
- E59 - Other
- E6 - Macroeconomic Policy
Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy,
and G
- E60 - General
- E61 - Policy Objectives;
Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public
Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
- E63 - Comparative or Joint
Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
- E64 - Incomes Policy; Price
Policy
- E65 - Studies of Particular
Policy Episodes
- E66 - General Outlook and
Conditions
- E69 - Other
- F - International Economics
- F0 - General
- F00 - General
- F01 - Global Outlook
- F02 - International
Economic Order; Economic Integration and Globalization: General
- F1 - Trade
- F10 - General
- F11 - Neoclassical Models
of Trade
- F12 - Models of Trade with
Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
- F13 - Commercial Policy;
Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations
- F14 - Country and Industry
Studies of Trade
- F15 - Economic Integration
- F16 - Trade and Labor
Market Interactions
- F17 - Trade Forecasting and
Simulation
- F18 - Trade and Environment
- F19 - Other
- F2 - International Factor
Movements and International Business
- F20 - General
- F21 - International
Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
- F22 - International
Migration
- F23 - Multinational Firms;
International Business
- F29 - Other
- F3 - International
Finance
- F30 - General
- F31 - Foreign Exchange
- F32 - Current Account
Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- F33 - International
Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- F34 - International Lending
and Debt Problems
- F35 - Foreign Aid
- F36 - Financial Aspects of
Economic Integration
- F37 - International Finance
Forecasting and Simulation
- F39 - Other
- F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of
International Trade and Finance
- F40 - General
- F41 - Open Economy
Macroeconomics
- F42 - International Policy
Coordination and Transmission
- F43 - Economic Growth of
Open Economies
- F47 - Forecasting and
Simulation
- F49 - Other
- G - Financial Economics
- G0 - General
- G1 - General Financial
Markets
- G10 - General
- G11 - Portfolio Choice
- G12 - Asset Pricing
- G13 - Contingent Pricing;
Futures Pricing
- G14 - Information and
Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- G15 - International
Financial Markets
- G18 - Government Policy and
Regulation
- G19 - Other
- G2 - Financial Institutions
and Services
- G20 - General
- G21 - Banks; Other
Depository Institutions; Mortgages
- G22 - Insurance; Insurance
Companies
- G23 - Pension Funds; Other
Private Financial Institutions
- G24 - Investment Banking;
Venture Capital; Brokerage
- G28 - Government Policy and
Regulation
- G29 - Other
- G3 - Corporate Finance and
Governance
- G30 - General
- G31 - Capital Budgeting;
Investment Policy
- G32 - Financing Policy;
Capital and Ownership Structure
- G33 - Bankruptcy;
Liquidation
- G34 - Mergers;
Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
- G35 - Payout Policy
- G38 - Government Policy and
Regulation
- G39 - Other
- H - Public Economics
- H0 - General
- H1 - Structure and Scope of
Government
- H10 - General
- H11 - Structure, Scope, and
Performance of Government
- H19 - Other
- H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and
Revenue
- H20 - General
- H21 - Efficiency; Optimal
Taxation
- H22 - Incidence
- H23 - Externalities;
Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
- H24 - Personal Income and
Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
- H25 - Business Taxes and
Subsidies
- H26 - Tax Evasion
- H27 - Other Sources of
Revenue
- H29 - Other
- H3 - Fiscal Policies and
Behavior of Economic Agents
- H30 - General
- H31 - Household
- H32 - Firm
- H39 - Other
- H4 - Publicly Provided
Goods
- H40 - General
- H41 - Public Goods
- H42 - Publicly Provided
Private Goods
- H43 - Project Evaluation;
Social Discount Rate
- H49 - Other
- H5 - National Government
Expenditures and Related Policies
- H50 - General
- H51 - Government
Expenditures and Health
- H52 - Government
Expenditures and Education
- H53 - Government
Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- H54 - Infrastructures;
Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
- H55 - Social Security and
Public Pensions
- H56 - National Security and
War
- H57 - Procurement
- H59 - Other
- H6 - National Budget,
Deficit, and Debt
- H60 - General
- H61 - Budget; Budget
Systems
- H62 - Deficit; Surplus
- H63 - Debt; Debt Management
- H69 - Other
- H7 - State and Local
Government; Intergovernmental Relations
- H70 - General
- H71 - State and Local
Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H72 - State and Local
Budget and Expenditures
- H73 - Interjurisdictional
Differentials and Their Effects
- H74 - State and Local
Borrowing
- H77 - Intergovernmental
Relations; Federalism
- H79 - Other
- H8 - Miscellaneous
Issues
- H80 - General
- H81 - Governmental Loans,
Loan Guarantees, and Credits
- H82 - Governmental Property
- H83 - Public Administration
- H87 - International Fiscal
Issues
- H89 - Other
- I - Health, Education, and
Welfare
- I0 - General
- I1 - Health
- I10 - General
- I11 - Analysis of Health
Care Markets
- I12 - Health Production:
Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction,
Disability, and E
- I18 - Government Policy;
Regulation; Public Health
- I19 - Other
- I2 - Education
- I20 - General
- I21 - Analysis of Education
- I22 - Educational Finance
- I28 - Government Policy
- I29 - Other
- I3 - Welfare and
Poverty
- I30 - General
- I31 - General Welfare;
Basic Needs; Living Standards; Quality of Life
- I32 - Measurement and
Analysis of Poverty
- I38 - Government Policy;
Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- I39 - Other
- J - Labor and Demographic
Economics
- J0 - General
- J1 - Demographic
Economics
- J10 - General
- J11 - Demographic Trends
and Forecasts
- J12 - Marriage; Marital
Dissolution; Family Structure
- J13 - Fertility; Family
Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- J14 - Economics of the
Elderly
- J15 - Economics of
Minorities and Races
- J16 - Economics of Gender
- J17 - Value of Life;
Foregone Income
- J18 - Public Policy
- J19 - Other
- J2 - Time Allocation, Work
Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation
- J20 - General
- J21 - Labor Force and
Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 - Time Allocation and
Labor Supply
- J23 - Employment
Determination; Job Creation; Demand for Labor; Self-Employment
- J24 - Human Capital;
Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J26 - Retirement;
Retirement Policies
- J28 - Safety; Accidents;
Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- J29 - Other
- J3 - Wages, Compensation, and
Labor Costs
- J30 - General
- J31 - Wage Level and
Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
- J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs
and Benefits; Private Pensions
- J33 - Compensation
Packages; Payment Methods
- J38 - Public Policy
- J39 - Other
- J4 - Particular Labor
Markets
- J40 - General
- J41 - Contracts: Specific
Human Capital, Matching Models, Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor
Marke
- J42 - Monopsony; Segmented
Labor Markets
- J43 - Agricultural Labor
Markets
- J44 - Professional Labor
Markets and Occupations
- J45 - Public Sector Labor
Markets
- J48 - Public Policy
- J49 - Other
- J5 - Labor?Management
Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- J50 - General
- J51 - Trade Unions:
Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- J52 - Dispute Resolution:
Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation
- J53 - Labor?Management
Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- J54 - Producer
Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms
- J58 - Public Policy
- J59 - Other
- J6 - Mobility, Unemployment,
and Vacancies
- J60 - General
- J61 - Geographic Labor
Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- J62 - Occupational and
Intergenerational Mobility
- J63 - Turnover; Vacancies;
Layoffs
- J64 - Unemployment: Models,
Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- J65 - Unemployment
Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
- J68 - Public Policy
- J69 - Other
- J7 - Discrimination
- J70 - General
- J71 - Discrimination
- J78 - Public Policy
- J79 - Other
- J8 - Labor Standards:
National and International
- J80 - General
- J81 - Working Conditions
- J82 - Labor Force
Composition
- J83 - Workers' Rights
- J88 - Public Policy
- J89 - Other
- K - Law and Economics
- K0 - General
- K1 - Basic Areas of
Law
- K10 - General
- K11 - Property Law
- K12 - Contract Law
- K13 - Tort Law and Product
Liability
- K14 - Criminal Law
- K19 - Other
- K2 - Regulation and Business
Law
- K20 - General
- K21 - Antitrust Law
- K22 - Corporation and
Securities Law
- K23 - Regulated Industries
and Administrative Law
- K29 - Other
- K3 - Other Substantive Areas
of Law
- K30 - General
- K31 - Labor Law
- K32 - Environmental,
Health, and Safety Law
- K33 - International Law
- K34 - Tax Law
- K35 - Personal Bankruptcy
Law
- K39 - Other
- K4 - Legal Procedure, the
Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
- K40 - General
- K41 - Litigation Process
- K42 - Illegal Behavior and
the Enforcement of Law
- K49 - Other
- L - Industrial Organization
- L0 - General
- L1 - Market Structure, Firm
Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 - General
- L11 - Production, Pricing,
and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- L12 - Monopoly;
Monopolization Strategies
- L13 - Oligopoly and Other
Imperfect Markets
- L14 - Transactional
Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
- L15 - Information and
Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
- L16 - Industrial
Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure;
Industrial Price Ind
- L19 - Other
- L2 - Firm Objectives,
Organization, and Behavior
- L20 - General
- L21 - Business Objectives
of the Firm
- L22 - Firm Organization and
Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration
- L23 - Organization of
Production
- L24 - Contracting Out;
Joint Ventures
- L25 - Firm Size and
Performance
- L29 - Other
- L3 - Nonprofit Organizations
and Public Enterprise
- L30 - General
- L31 - Nonprofit
Institutions
- L32 - Public Enterprises
- L33 - Comparison of Public
and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out
- L39 - Other
- L4 - Antitrust Policy
- L40 - General
- L41 - Monopolization;
Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- L42 - Vertical Restraints;
Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- L43 - Legal Monopolies and
Regulation or Deregulation
- L44 - Antitrust Policy and
Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- L49 - Other
- L5 - Regulation and
Industrial Policy
- L50 - General
- L51 - Economics of
Regulation
- L52 - Industrial Policy;
Sectoral Planning Methods
- L59 - Other
- L6 - Industry Studies:
Manufacturing
- L60 - General
- L61 - Metals and Metal
Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- L62 - Automobiles; Other
Transportation Equipment
- L63 - Microelectronics;
Computers; Communications Equipment
- L64 - Other Machinery;
Business Equipment; Armaments
- L65 - Chemicals; Rubber;
Drugs; Biotechnology
- L66 - Food; Beverages;
Cosmetics; Tobacco
- L67 - Other Consumer
Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- L68 - Appliances; Other
Consumer Durables
- L69 - Other
- L7 - Industry Studies:
Primary Products and Construction
- L70 - General
- L71 - Mining, Extraction,
and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- L72 - Mining, Extraction,
and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
- L73 - Forest Products:
Lumber and Paper
- L74 - Construction
- L78 - Government Policy
- L79 - Other
- L8 - Industry Studies:
Services
- L80 - General
- L81 - Retail and Wholesale
Trade; Warehousing
- L82 - Entertainment; Media
(Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
- L83 - Sports; Gambling;
Recreation; Tourism
- L84 - Personal and
Professional Services
- L85 - Real Estate Services
- L86 - Information and
Internet Services; Computer Software
- L87 - Postal and Delivery
Services
- L88 - Government Policy
- L89 - Other
- L9 - Industry Studies:
Transportation and Utilities
- L90 - General
- L91 - Transportation:
General
- L92 - Railroads and Other
Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers
- L93 - Air Transportation
- L94 - Electric Utilities
- L95 - Gas Utilities;
Pipelines; Water Utilities
- L96 - Telecommunications
- L97 - Utilities: General
- L98 - Government Policy
- L99 - Other
- M - Business Administration
and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
- M0 - General
- M1 - Business
Administration
- M10 - General
- M11 - Production Management
- M12 - Personnel Management
- M13 - Entrepreneurship
- M14 - Corporate Culture;
Social Responsibility
- M19 - Other
- M2 - Business
Economics
- M20 - General
- M21 - Business Economics
- M29 - Other
- M3 - Marketing and
Advertising
- M30 - General
- M31 - Marketing
- M37 - Advertising
- M39 - Other
- M4 - Accounting and
Auditing
- M40 - General
- M41 - Accounting
- M42 - Auditing
- M49 - Other
- M5 - Personnel
Economics
- M50 - General
- M51 - Firm Employment
Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary
workers, senio
- M52 - Compensation and
Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits,
incentives,
- M53 - Training
- M54 - Labor Management
(team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job
satisfact
- M55 - Labor Contracting
Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other
- M59 - Other
- N - Economic History
- N0 - General
- N00 - General
- N01 - Development of the
Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
- N1 - Macroeconomics and
Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
- N10 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N11 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N14 - Europe: 1913?
- N15 - Asia including Middle
East
- N16 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N17 - Africa; Oceania
- N2 - Financial Markets and
Institutions
- N20 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N21 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N24 - Europe: 1913?
- N25 - Asia including Middle
East
- N26 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N27 - Africa; Oceania
- N3 - Labor and Consumers,
Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
- N30 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N31 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N34 - Europe: 1913?
- N35 - Asia including Middle
East
- N36 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N37 - Africa; Oceania
- N4 - Government, War, Law,
and Regulation
- N40 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N41 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N44 - Europe: 1913?
- N45 - Asia including Middle
East
- N46 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N47 - Africa; Oceania
- N5 - Agriculture, Natural
Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
- N50 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N51 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N54 - Europe: 1913?
- N55 - Asia including Middle
East
- N56 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N57 - Africa; Oceania
- N6 - Manufacturing and
Construction
- N60 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N61 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N64 - Europe: 1913?
- N65 - Asia including Middle
East
- N66 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N67 - Africa; Oceania
- N7 - Transport, International
and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services
- N70 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N71 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N74 - Europe: 1913?
- N75 - Asia including Middle
East
- N76 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N77 - Africa; Oceania
- N8 - Micro-Business
History
- N80 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N81 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N84 - Europe: 1913?
- N85 - Asia including Middle
East
- N86 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N87 - Africa; Oceania
- N9 - Regional and Urban
History
- N90 - General,
International, or Comparative
- N91 - U.S.; Canada:
Pre-1913
- N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913?
- N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N94 - Europe: 1913?
- N95 - Asia including Middle
East
- N96 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- N97 - Africa; Oceania
- O - Economic Development,
Technological Change, and Growth
- O1 - Economic
Development
- O10 - General
- O11 - Macroeconomic
Analyses of Economic Development
- O12 - Microeconomic
Analyses of Economic Development
- O13 - Agriculture; Natural
Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
- O14 - Industrialization;
Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
- O15 - Human Resources;
Income Distribution; Migration
- O16 - Financial Markets;
Saving and Capital Investment
- O17 - Formal and Informal
Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- O18 - Regional, Urban, and
Rural Analyses
- O19 - International
Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
- O2 - Development Planning and
Policy
- O20 - General
- O21 - Planning Models;
Planning Policy
- O22 - Project Analysis
- O23 - Fiscal and Monetary
Policy in Development
- O24 - Trade Policy; Factor
Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
- O29 - Other
- O3 - Technological Change;
Research and Development
- O30 - General
- O31 - Innovation and
Invention: Processes and Incentives
- O32 - Management of
Technological Innovation and R&D
- O33 - Technological Change:
Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
- O34 - Intellectual Property
Rights: National and International Issues
- O38 - Government Policy
- O39 - Other
- O4 - Economic Growth and
Aggregate Productivity
- O40 - General
- O41 - One, Two, and
Multisector Growth Models
- O42 - Monetary Growth
Models
- O47 - Measurement of
Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
- O49 - Other
- O5 - Economywide Country
Studies
- O50 - General
- O51 - U.S.; Canada
- O52 - Europe
- O53 - Asia including Middle
East
- O54 - Latin America;
Caribbean
- O55 - Africa
- O56 - Oceania
- O57 - Comparative Studies
of Countries
- P - Economic Systems
- P0 - General
- P1 - Capitalist
Systems
- P10 - General
- P11 - Planning,
Coordination, and Reform
- P12 - Capitalist
Enterprises
- P13 - Cooperative
Enterprises
- P14 - Property Rights
- P16 - Political Economy
- P17 - Performance and
Prospects
- P19 - Other
- P2 - Socialist Systems and
Transitional Economies
- P20 - General
- P21 - Planning,
Coordination, and Reform
- P22 - Prices
- P23 - Factor and Product
Markets; Industry Studies; Population
- P24 - National Income,
Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P25 - Urban, Rural, and
Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
- P26 - Political Economy;
Property Rights
- P27 - Performance and
Prospects
- P28 - Natural Resources;
Energy; Environment
- P29 - Other
- P3 - Socialist Institutions
and Their Transitions
- P30 - General
- P31 - Socialist Enterprises
and Their Transitions
- P32 - Collectives;
Communes; Agriculture
- P33 - International Trade,
Finance, Investment, and Aid
- P34 - Financial Economics
- P35 - Public Economics
- P36 - Consumer Economics;
Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty
- P37 - Legal Institutions;
Illegal Behavior
- P39 - Other
- P4 - Other Economic
Systems
- P40 - General
- P41 - Planning,
Coordination, and Reform
- P42 - Productive
Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
- P43 - Public Economics;
Financial Economics
- P44 - National Income,
Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P45 - International Trade,
Finance, Investment, and Aid
- P46 - Consumer Economics;
Welfare and Poverty
- P47 - Performance and
Prospects
- P48 - Legal Institutions;
Property Rights
- P49 - Other
- P5 - Comparative Economic
Systems
- P50 - General
- P51 - Comparative Analysis
of Economic Systems
- P52 - Comparative Studies
of Particular Economies
- P59 - Other
- Q - Agricultural and
Natural Resource Economics
- Q0 - General
- Q00 - General
- Q01 - Sustainable
Development
- Q1 - Agriculture
- Q10 - General
- Q11 - Aggregate Supply and
Demand Analysis; Prices
- Q12 - Micro Analysis of
Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- Q13 - Agricultural Markets
and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- Q14 - Agricultural Finance
- Q15 - Land Ownership and
Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
- Q16 - R&D; Agricultural
Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
- Q17 - Agriculture in
International Trade
- Q18 - Agricultural Policy;
Food Policy
- Q19 - Other
- Q2 - Renewable Resources and
Conservation; Environmental Management
- Q20 - General
- Q21 - Demand and Supply
- Q22 - Fishery
- Q23 - Forestry
- Q24 - Land
- Q25 - Water
- Q26 - Recreational Aspects
of Natural Resources
- Q28 - Government Policy
- Q29 - Other
- Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources
and Conservation
- Q30 - General
- Q31 - Demand and Supply
- Q32 - Exhaustible Resources
and Economic Development
- Q33 - Resource Booms
- Q38 - Government Policy
- Q39 - Other
- Q4 - Energy
- Q40 - General
- Q41 - Demand and Supply
- Q42 - Alternative Energy
Sources
- Q43 - Energy and the
Macroeconomy
- Q48 - Government Policy
- Q49 - Other
- Q5 - Environmental
Economics
- Q50 - General
- Q51 - Valuation of
Environmental Effects
- Q52 - Pollution Control
Costs; Distributional Effects
- Q53 - Air Pollution; Water
Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste
- Q54 - Climate; Natural
Disasters
- Q55 - Technological
Innovation
- Q56 - Environment and
Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental
Accounting
- Q57 - Ecological Economics:
Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics
- Q58 - Government Policy
- Q59 - Other
- R - Urban, Rural, and
Regional Economics
- R0 - General
- R1 - General Regional
Economics
- R10 - General
- R11 - Regional Economic
Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
- R12 - Size and Spatial
Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
- R13 - General Equilibrium
and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- R14 - Land Use Patterns
- R15 - Econometric and
Input?Output Models; Other Models
- R19 - Other
- R2 - Household
Analysis
- R20 - General
- R21 - Housing Demand
- R22 - Other Demand
- R23 - Regional Migration;
Regional Labor Markets; Population
- R29 - Other
- R3 - Production Analysis and
Firm Location
- R30 - General
- R31 - Housing Supply and
Markets
- R32 - Other Production and
Pricing Analysis
- R33 - Nonagricultural and
Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
- R34 - Input Demand Analysis
- R38 - Government Policies;
Regulatory Policies
- R39 - Other
- R4 - Transportation
Systems
- R40 - General
- R41 - Transportation:
Demand; Supply; Congestion; Safety and Accidents
- R42 - Government and
Private Investment Analysis
- R48 - Government Pricing;
Regulatory Policies
- R49 - Other
- R5 - Regional Government
Analysis
- R50 - General
- R51 - Finance in Urban and
Rural Economies
- R52 - Land Use and Other
Regulations
- R53 - Public Facility
Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
- R58 - Regional Development
Policy
- R59 - Other
- Z - Other Special Topics
- Z0 - General
- Z1 - Cultural
Economics
- Z10 - General
- Z11 - Economics of the Arts
and Literature
- Z12 - Religion
- Z13 - Social Norms and
Social Capital
- Z19 - Other